Hormones After Menopause

After menopause, which is defined as 12 consecutive months without a menstrual period, hormone levels in a woman's body undergo significant changes. The primary hormones affected by menopause are oestrogen and progesterone, along with other hormones such as follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinising hormone (LH).

After menopause, oestrogen production significantly decreases because the ovaries no longer release eggs. Oestrogen is responsible for various functions in the body, including regulating the menstrual cycle, maintaining bone density, and supporting vaginal health. The decline in oestrogen levels can lead to symptoms such as hot flushes, night sweats, vaginal dryness, and changes in mood.

Progesterone production also decreases after menopause since it is primarily produced during the menstrual cycle to prepare the uterus for pregnancy. The decline in progesterone levels alone does not typically cause significant symptoms, but it contributes to the overall hormonal balance.

Post menopause, decreased testosterone levels may occur. Thyroid hormone imbalances may also be experienced, which can affect metabolism, energy levels, and overall well-being.

The hormonal changes after menopause can lead to various symptoms and health effects, including:

• Hot flushes and night sweats
• Vaginal dryness, vaginal atrophy and discomfort during intercourse
• Mood swings, irritability, and changes in mental well-being
• Bone loss and increased risk of osteoporosis
• Changes in body composition, such as weight gain and redistribution of fat
• Changes in cholesterol levels and cardiovascular health