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LASEK is a type of corrective laser eye surgery that is designed to treat and improve various eyesight conditions and vision problems.
Local anaesthetic eye drops will be dropped into the eye before treatment, meaning that the treatment itself is virtually painless. The procedure involves the outer layer of the cornea (the epithelium) being detached from the cornea following weakening or loosening of the epithelial cells with a 20% alcohol solution. (This differs from LASIK where a knife blade or femtosecond laser is used to cut a flap much deeper into the layers of the cornea). The epithelium is then lifted or rolled back to allow access to the corneal tissue below. An excimer laser is then used to permanently alter the shape of an area called the anterior central cornea by removing a small amount of tissue from the corneal stroma through ablation or vaporisation. Once complete the epithelium can be lowered back down or pushed back over and will completely heal within a few days.
With LASEK eye surgery the laser application is performed at a more superficial level than with LASIK procedures, making it more suitable for those people with higher degrees of vision errors.
The process of the laser altering the shape of the anterior central cornea allows light to travel through it to the retina at the back of the eye, improving and focussing the vision. The actual laser part of the procedure takes less than 60 seconds per eye, although the pre-surgical evaluations of the eye and the correction needed will actually take longer.