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The use of electric currents in medicine has been documented almost since electricity itself was discovered.
Radiofrequency (RF) surgery has a lengthy history of use in oral, ophthalmic, plastic, and gynaecological surgery of over 70 years. Gradually, its use in the practice of dermatology, cosmetology, cardiology, neurosurgery, hepatology, and ENT procedures gained momentum and popularity. Low frequency alternating currents are also used in physiotherapy for their ability to cause contractions in muscles. RF surgery traditionally utilizes a wave of electrons to cause frictional heating of tissues to incise, excise, ablate or coagulate the targeted tissue.
However with recent developments in cryogenics (the use of extremely cold substances) and information technology, non-ablative RF energy is the newest addition to the treatment options available for the ageing face. With the introduction of cryogenics it is possible to deliver RF energy to the deep dermis and sub-dermal layers of the skin, whilst protecting the epidermis. Heating in this area, without damaging the outer layers of skin, causes microscopic changes to the tissues and collagen contraction, with subsequent collagen remodelling over the months that pass.
Figures from the American Society for Aesthetic Plastic Surgery (ASAPS) indicate that non-surgical skin tightening (using RF devices like Thermage and Pelleve, as well as ultrasound devices like Ulthera) was the eighth most common non-surgical cosmetic treatment in the U.S.A. in 2017, with 64,923 treatments performed in that year, an increase of 15.1% on 2016. ASAPS did not gather similar data for 2018.
If you are considering an RF treatment, the following information will give you a basic understanding of the procedure. It can't answer all your questions, since a lot depends on the individual patient and the practitioner. Please ask a practitioner about anything you don't understand.