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<p>Given what we have highlighted above, it is not surprising to find that in our survey, 83% of people are confused about which sunscreen to buy to help protect their skin against the ageing effects of the sun.</p> <p>Recent studies show that the most commonly used sunscreen ingredients protect mainly against UVB rays which cause sun burning, and not UVA rays that cause photoageing. </p> <p>In fact only Zinc Oxide blocks all three, UVB, UVA1 and UVA2 rays. This is often seen on cricketer’s and lifeguard’s noses as white “war paint”; hence traditionally restricting its use as an all over body cover due to the white tint it leaves. However, manufacturers are now developing transparent zinc oxide products in order to make them more cosmetically desirable and to give that total body protection.</p> <p>The sunscreen industry splits sunscreen ingredients into two categories, chemical and physical (mineral) filters. Chemical filters which absorb the UV rays are typically absorbed by the skin and are thought to be metabolized by the body, sometimes causing allergic reactions in some individuals; (although there is no real clinical data established for this to date). Physical or mineral filters which reflect the UV rays lie on top of the surface of the skin and are not absorbed by it or metabolized by the body. Many manufacturers normally combine chemical and physical ingredients to enable them to provide the range of protection on offer; some ingredients to look out for are below.</p> <p><strong>Ingredients to look for when shopping for sunscreens</strong></p> <p align="center"> <table style="border-bottom: black 1px solid; border-left: black 1px solid; width: 80%; border-collapse: collapse; border-top: black 1px solid; border-right: black 1px solid" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <tbody> <tr> <td style="border-bottom: black 1px solid; border-left: black 1px solid;background: rgb(204,204,255) 0% 50%; border-top: black 1px solid; border-right: black 1px solid; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial"> <p align="center"><strong>Protection Against </strong></p></td> <td style="border-bottom: black 1px solid; border-left: black 1px solid;background: rgb(204,204,255) 0% 50%; border-top: black 1px solid; border-right: black 1px solid; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial"> <p align="center"><strong>Ingredient </strong></p></td> <td style="border-bottom: black 1px solid; border-left: black 1px solid;background: rgb(204,204,255) 0% 50%; border-top: black 1px solid; border-right: black 1px solid; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial"> <p align="center"><strong>Chemical or Physical Filter</strong> </p></td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-bottom: black 1px solid; border-left: black 1px solid; border-top: black 1px solid; border-right: black 1px solid"> <p align="center"><strong>UVB</strong> </p> <p align="center">(280-315 nm) </p></td> <td style="border-bottom: black 1px solid; border-left: black 1px solid; border-top: black 1px solid; border-right: black 1px solid"> <p align="center"></p><br /></td> <td style="border-bottom: black 1px solid; border-left: black 1px solid; border-top: black 1px solid; border-right: black 1px solid"> <p align="center"></p><br /></td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-bottom: black 1px solid; border-left: black 1px solid; border-top: black 1px solid; border-right: black 1px solid"> <p align="center"></p><br /></td> <td style="border-bottom: black 1px solid; border-left: black 1px solid; border-top: black 1px solid; border-right: black 1px solid"> <p align="center"><strong>Octinoxate</strong> </p></td> <td style="border-bottom: black 1px solid; border-left: black 1px solid; border-top: black 1px solid; border-right: black 1px solid"> <p align="center">Chemical </p></td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-bottom: black 1px solid; border-left: black 1px solid; border-top: black 1px solid; border-right: black 1px solid"> <p align="center"></p><br /></td> <td style="border-bottom: black 1px solid; border-left: black 1px solid; border-top: black 1px solid; border-right: black 1px solid"> <p align="center"><strong>Octisalate (OCS)</strong> </p></td> <td style="border-bottom: black 1px solid; border-left: black 1px solid; border-top: black 1px solid; border-right: black 1px solid"> <p align="center">Chemical </p></td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-bottom: black 1px solid; border-left: black 1px solid; border-top: black 1px solid; border-right: black 1px solid"> <p align="center"></p><br /></td> <td style="border-bottom: black 1px solid; border-left: black 1px solid; border-top: black 1px solid; border-right: black 1px solid"> <p align="center"><strong>Para-aminobenzoic acid (PABA)</strong> <br /> - Some people are allergic to this ingredient so many sunscreens are now PABA free. </p></td> <td style="border-bottom: black 1px solid; border-left: black 1px solid; border-top: black 1px solid; border-right: black 1px solid"> <p align="center">Chemical </p></td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-bottom: black 1px solid; border-left: black 1px solid; border-top: black 1px solid; border-right: black 1px solid"> <p align="center"></p><br /></td> <td style="border-bottom: black 1px solid; border-left: black 1px solid; border-top: black 1px solid; border-right: black 1px solid"> <p align="center"><strong>Octyl Dimethyl Paba (Padimate-O) </strong></p></td> <td style="border-bottom: black 1px solid; border-left: black 1px solid; border-top: black 1px solid; border-right: black 1px solid"> <p align="center">Chemical </p></td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-bottom: black 1px solid; border-left: black 1px solid; border-top: black 1px solid; border-right: black 1px solid"> <p align="center"></p><br /></td> <td style="border-bottom: black 1px solid; border-left: black 1px solid; border-top: black 1px solid; border-right: black 1px solid"> <p align="center"><strong>Octocrylene </strong></p></td> <td style="border-bottom: black 1px solid; border-left: black 1px solid; border-top: black 1px solid; border-right: black 1px solid"> <p align="center">Chemical </p></td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-bottom: black 1px solid; border-left: black 1px solid; border-top: black 1px solid; border-right: black 1px solid"> <p align="center"></p><br /></td> <td style="border-bottom: black 1px solid; border-left: black 1px solid; border-top: black 1px solid; border-right: black 1px solid"> <p align="center"><strong>Titanium Dioxide </strong></p></td> <td style="border-bottom: black 1px solid; border-left: black 1px solid; border-top: black 1px solid; border-right: black 1px solid"> <p align="center">Physical </p></td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-bottom: black 1px solid; border-left: black 1px solid; border-top: black 1px solid; border-right: black 1px solid"> <p align="center"></p><br /></td> <td style="border-bottom: black 1px solid; border-left: black 1px solid; border-top: black 1px solid; border-right: black 1px solid"><span style="font-size: 10pt"> <p align="center"><strong>Zinc Oxide </strong></p></span></td> <td style="border-bottom: black 1px solid; border-left: black 1px solid; border-top: black 1px solid; border-right: black 1px solid"> <p align="center">Physical </p></td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-bottom: black 1px solid; border-left: black 1px solid; border-top: black 1px solid; border-right: black 1px solid"><br /></td> <td style="border-bottom: black 1px solid; border-left: black 1px solid; border-top: black 1px solid; border-right: black 1px solid"><br /></td> <td style="border-bottom: black 1px solid; border-left: black 1px solid; border-top: black 1px solid; border-right: black 1px solid"><br /></td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-bottom: black 1px solid; border-left: black 1px solid; border-top: black 1px solid; border-right: black 1px solid"> <p align="center"><strong>UVA1</strong> </p> <p align="center">(340-400 nm) </p></td> <td style="border-bottom: black 1px solid; border-left: black 1px solid; border-top: black 1px solid; border-right: black 1px solid"><br /></td> <td style="border-bottom: black 1px solid; border-left: black 1px solid; border-top: black 1px solid; border-right: black 1px solid"><br /></td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-bottom: black 1px solid; border-left: black 1px solid; border-top: black 1px solid; border-right: black 1px solid"><br /></td> <td style="border-bottom: black 1px solid; border-left: black 1px solid; border-top: black 1px solid; border-right: black 1px solid"> <p align="center"><strong>Avobenzone (Parsol 1789)</strong> </p></td> <td style="border-bottom: black 1px solid; border-left: black 1px solid; border-top: black 1px solid; border-right: black 1px solid"> <p align="center">Chemical </p></td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-bottom: black 1px solid; border-left: black 1px solid; border-top: black 1px solid; border-right: black 1px solid"><br /></td> <td style="border-bottom: black 1px solid; border-left: black 1px solid; border-top: black 1px solid; border-right: black 1px solid"> <p align="center"><strong>Zinc Oxide </strong></p></td> <td style="border-bottom: black 1px solid; border-left: black 1px solid; border-top: black 1px solid; border-right: black 1px solid"> <p align="center">Physical </p></td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-bottom: black 1px solid; border-left: black 1px solid; border-top: black 1px solid; border-right: black 1px solid"><br /></td> <td style="border-bottom: black 1px solid; border-left: black 1px solid; border-top: black 1px solid; border-right: black 1px solid"><br /></td> <td style="border-bottom: black 1px solid; border-left: black 1px solid; border-top: black 1px solid; border-right: black 1px solid"><br /></td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-bottom: black 1px solid; border-left: black 1px solid; border-top: black 1px solid; border-right: black 1px solid"> <p align="center"><strong>UVA2 </strong></p> <p align="center">(320-340<sup> </sup>nm) </p></td> <td style="border-bottom: black 1px solid; border-left: black 1px solid; border-top: black 1px solid; border-right: black 1px solid"><br /></td> <td style="border-bottom: black 1px solid; border-left: black 1px solid; border-top: black 1px solid; border-right: black 1px solid"><br /></td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-bottom: black 1px solid; border-left: black 1px solid; border-top: black 1px solid; border-right: black 1px solid"><br /></td> <td style="border-bottom: black 1px solid; border-left: black 1px solid; border-top: black 1px solid; border-right: black 1px solid"> <p align="center"><strong>Oxybenzone (benzophenone-3) </strong></p></td> <td style="border-bottom: black 1px solid; border-left: black 1px solid; border-top: black 1px solid; border-right: black 1px solid"> <p align="center">Chemical </p></td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-bottom: black 1px solid; border-left: black 1px solid; border-top: black 1px solid; border-right: black 1px solid"><br /></td> <td style="border-bottom: black 1px solid; border-left: black 1px solid; border-top: black 1px solid; border-right: black 1px solid"> <p align="center"><strong>Titanium dioxide </strong></p></td> <td style="border-bottom: black 1px solid; border-left: black 1px solid; border-top: black 1px solid; border-right: black 1px solid"> <p align="center">Physical </p></td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-bottom: black 1px solid; border-left: black 1px solid; border-top: black 1px solid; border-right: black 1px solid"><br /></td> <td style="border-bottom: black 1px solid; border-left: black 1px solid; border-top: black 1px solid; border-right: black 1px solid"> <p align="center"><strong>Zinc Oxide </strong></p></td> <td style="border-bottom: black 1px solid; border-left: black 1px solid; border-top: black 1px solid; border-right: black 1px solid"> <p align="center">Physical </p></td></tr></tbody></table></p> <p> </p> <hr /> <p><strong><em>Bibliography<br /></em></strong>(1) Sunscreens used at the beach do not protect against erythema: a new definition of SPF is proposed.<br />Wulf HC et al. Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed. 1997 Aug;13(4):129-32.</p> <p>Quantity of sunscreen used by European students.<br />European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Melanoma Co-operative Group. Br J Dermatol. 2001 Feb;144(2):288-91.</p> <p>(2) Quantitative assessment of cumulative damage from repetitive exposures to suberythemogenic doses of UVA in human skin.<br />Lavker RM, Veres DA, Irwin CJ, Kaidbey KH. Photochem Photobiol. 1995 Aug;62(2):348-52. Related Articles, Links <br /></p>
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