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Amateur, or simple blue/black professional tattoos will respond to Ruby, Alexandrite and Nd:YAG lasers but as soon as coloured pigments are present, the question should be asked – how do I know that this laser will remove this particular pigment?
Tattoo pigments respond to laser treatment in a variable manner. Some pigments respond well to one wavelength but not to another: some colours (particularly certain green pigments) do not respond to treatment at all.
Where coloured tattoos are involved, it is a good idea to have treatment at a clinic that has more than one Q-switched laser (and therefore more than one wavelength) at its disposal. The commonest laser combination is the Ruby (694nm) and Nd:YAG (532nm and 1064nm), which together deliver 3 wavelengths, greatly increasing the chance that there is an effective wavelength available for each pigment.
Some pigments will not respond to any available wavelength and some pigments, especially modern, pastel, white or ultra-vivid pigments may respond by turning brown or black. These residues then may, or may not respond to further treatment.
Semi-permanent or micro-pigmentation pigments may be particularly difficult as they are often blends of ‘earth’ toned pigments, often containing iron-oxide compounds which commonly turn black on exposure to laser light. It is essential that careful test patching is carried out on any micro-pigmentation inks to ensure that the pigment will respond without making matters worse.
In anything but the most predictable case (blue/black), it is essential that you have a clear idea of the worst-case predicted outcome. A skilled practitioner will be able to help you to predict the worst case, which if acceptable to you, will be the basis of the agreement to treat. If the worst case scenario is not acceptable, you should be wary of continuing because you are unlikely to be happy with the outcome.
Test patching potentially difficult colours is the only way to check response and it may take multiple visits to find out whether a particular pigment will respond.
Some clinics may advertise the use of IPL machines or non Q-switched lasers for tattoo removal, however clinical data so far doubts that these devices are suitable or safe for tattoo removal as they do not produce the targeted bursts of high energy required to break down the pigment particles without affecting the surrounding tissue. You should therefore be wary of any clinic offering tattoo removal who claims this can be done using an IPL device.