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Unlike with selective photothermolysis, where the whole of the selected target area is damaged; “Fractional Photothermolysis” seeks to only damage certain zones within the selected target area, (producing tiny dot, or pixel-like treated areas on the skin), leaving the other zones within it perfectly intact; hence only causing fractional damage through the heat of the light source. This allows the skin to heal much faster than if the whole area was treated, as the ‘healthy’ untreated tissue surrounding the treated zones helps to fill in the damaged area with new cells.
Fractional Photothermolysis or Fractional Laser Skin Resurfacing can therefore be compared to the precise alteration of digital photographs that we are able to do nowadays; pixel by pixel.  
<img style="margin: 5px; float: right; border-bottom: 1px solid; border-left: 1px solid; margin: 5px; border-top: 1px solid; border-right: 1px solid" border="0" alt="Fractional Versus Non-Fractional Ablative and Non-ablative Laser Comaprison" align="right" src="
https://www.consultingroom.com/uploads/Image_Directory/Treatment_FAQs/ComparisonABG.jpg" width="250" height="281" />
The concept of this fractional laser technology can be applied with either ablative laser resurfacing or non-ablative laser skin rejuvenation, using the various different wavelengths of lasers available. The efficacy and safety of the different types of laser technologies is illustrated in the chart (right); (Source: Aesthetic Buyers Guides, March/April 2007). 
  
This fractional approach (ablative and non-ablative) claims to achieve comparable skin improvements as obtained with conventional ablative laser resurfacing with an Er:YAG or CO2 laser, (depending on depth and severity of wrinkles), but without the associated side effects or downtime; i.e. you get the results of an ablative laser but with the downtime of a non-ablative laser.
Optimal improvement after fractional treatment is usually visible in about 2 - 3 months as collagen remodelling and skin tightening continues. The longevity of results is comparable to ablative laser resurfacing and as always is dependent on future ageing, the effects of gravity and sun exposure.
Initially, when this technology was first introduced in 2003 there was only one device in the UK and US marketplace for fractional photothermolysis, the Fraxel™ SR laser machine by Reliant Technologies Inc (now part of Solta Medical). It subsequently became the first fractional device to be cleared by the US FDA for a variety of other indications, such as the correction of wrinkles around the eyes (2004), skin resurfacing (2005) and the treatment of melasma (2005), pigmented lesions, e.g., freckles, age spots etc. (2004) and acne scarring (2006).
Although the Fraxel™ devices are still used, other manufacturers are rapidly expanding their product ranges in this niche area to meet the growing demand.

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