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The use of chemical peels to soften and improve the appearance of the skin dates back over 3,500 years to the ancient Egyptians. Historians describe the use of several different techniques, including the use of animal oils, salt, and alabaster to smooth the skin. Egyptian women bathed in sour milk, or rubbed fermented grape skins from the bottom of wine barrels over their skin to enhance beauty. Little did they know that they were benefiting from the superficial skin peeling effects of a family of chemicals called hydroxy acids which remove the outer layers of the skin. These acids have now been identified as lactic acid in milk and tartaric acid in grape skins and can be found in a huge number of modern beauty products.
Later in history, poultices (something like our modern face packs) containing mustard, sulphur, and limestone were used for similar purposes. Indian women mixed urine with pumice and Turkish women singed their skin with fire to create an early form of exfoliation or removal of the outer, rough surface of the skin.
Today, scientists have identified numerous forms of acid which can be used to induce beneficial changes for our skin, including salicylic acid, trichloroacetic acid (or T.C.A.) and phenol peels. Facial peels have grown enormously in popularity over the past twenty-five years and now it can be a very effective treatment when performed by an experienced practitioner.
Chemical peels dropped from the 5th to the 6th commonest non-surgical cosmetic procedure in the U.S.A. in 2019. Official statistics from the American Society for Aesthetic Plastic Surgery (ASAPS) reveal that 78,971 procedures were performed in 2019, a decrease of 39.1% on 2018 figures. A significant increase in the use of fractional laser resurfacing during this same period may explain the sudden drop, however, chemical peels still remain popular.
As yet, no similar reliable figures are available for the U.K., but there is evidence that treatments are growing very rapidly. More practitioners than ever before are seeking training in a constantly growing market of different kinds of chemical peels.
If you are considering a chemical peel procedure, the following information will give you a basic understanding of the process. It can't answer all your questions, since a lot depends on the individual patient and the practitioner. Please ask your practitioner about anything you don't understand.