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Hormones are one of the most significant factors influencing acne breakouts. Changes in hormone levels can increase oil production in the skin, which makes blocked pores and inflammation more likely.
Hormonal activity affects people at different stages of life, which is why acne can appear during adolescence and sometimes persist or recur in adulthood.
Acne commonly begins during puberty because hormone levels rise rapidly during this stage of development.
The hormone testosterone increases in both boys and girls during puberty.
Testosterone stimulates the sebaceous glands to produce more sebum.
Increased oil production raises the likelihood of blocked pores and acne lesions.
This is why acne often develops on the face, chest, and back during the teenage years. These areas contain a higher concentration of sebaceous glands.
In many individuals, acne improves as hormone levels stabilise in early adulthood. However, this is not always the case.
Hormonal changes can also influence acne in adulthood, particularly in women.
Breakouts linked to hormonal fluctuations may appear:
before or during menstrual cycles
during pregnancy
during perimenopause or menopause
alongside hormonal conditions such as polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)
Adult hormonal acne often appears along the lower face, jawline, and neck, although patterns can vary.
Medical guidance notes that when acne begins suddenly in adult women, particularly alongside symptoms such as irregular periods or increased facial hair, clinicians may assess for underlying hormonal conditions, including PCOS.
Hormonal influences can also affect how persistent or severe acne becomes. For some individuals, breakouts fluctuate with hormonal cycles, while others experience more ongoing acne.
Hormones influence oil production and play a major role in when and where acne develops. However, hormonal changes rarely act alone and often interact with other factors such as genetics, skincare habits, and lifestyle.